[Identification and expression analysis of citrate synthase 3 gene family members in apple].

As one of the key enzymes in cell metabolism, the activity of citrate synthase 3 (CS3) regulates the substance and energy metabolism of organisms. The protein members of CS3 family were identified from the whole genome of apple, and bioinformatics analysis was performed and expression patterns were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for studying the potential function of CS3 gene in apple. BLASTp was used to identify members of the apple CS3 family based on the GDR database, and the basic information of CS3 protein sequence, subcellular localization, domain composition, phylogenetic relationship and chromosome localization were analyzed by Pfam, SMART, MEGA5.0, clustalx.exe, ExPASy Proteomics Server, MEGAX, SOPMA, MEME, WoLF PSORT and other software. The tissue expression and inducible expression characteristics of 6 CS3 genes in apple were determined by acid content and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Apple CS3 gene family contains 6 members, and these CS3 proteins contain 473-608 amino acid residues, with isoelectric point distribution between 7.21 and 8.82. Subcellular localization results showed that CS3 protein was located in mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into 3 categories, and the number of genes in each subfamily was 2. Chromosome localization analysis showed that CS3 gene was distributed on different chromosomes of apple. The secondary structure of protein is mainly α-helix, followed by random curling, and the proportion of ß-angle is the smallest. The 6 members were all expressed in different apple tissues. The overall expression trend from high to low was the highest relative expression content of MdCS3.4, followed by MdCS3.6, and the relative expression level of other members was in the order of MdCS3.3 > MdCS3.2 > MdCS3.1 > MdCS3.5. qRT-PCR results showed that MdCS3.1 and MdCS3.3 genes had the highest relative expression in the pulp of 'Chengji No. 1' with low acid content, and MdCS3.2 and MdCS3.3 genes in the pulp of 'Asda' with higher acid content had the highest relative expression. Therefore, in this study, the relative expression of CS3 gene in apple cultivars with different acid content in different apple varieties was detected, and its role in apple fruit acid synthesis was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the relative expression of CS3 gene in different apple varieties was different, which provided a reference for the subsequent study of the quality formation mechanism of apple.

The Association of Melanoma-Associated Antigen-C Gene With Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To investigate the correlation of melanoma-associated antigen-C gene expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in patients with breast cancer through a meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched from the establishment of the databases to December 2022. The New castle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for literature quality evaluation, and meta-analysis of all studies was performed using Rev Man 5.3 and Stata14.0. A total of 11 studies and 1146 samples were included in the meta-analysis. High expression of MAGE-C gene was significantly correlated with tumor grade (OR = 8.06, 95%CI:4.14-15.67, P < .00001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 8.06, 95%CI:4.14-15.67, P < .00001), tumor type (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.23-0.49, P < .00001), tumor stage (OR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.05-0.38, P = .0001<.05), ER expression (OR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.05-0.38, P = .0001<.05), HER-2 expression (OR = 0.24, 95%CI:0.11-0.57, P = .001<.05) and tumor embolus (OR = 0.24, 95%CI:0.11-0.57, P = .001<.05). In addition, the MAGE-C expression was correlated with the reduced overall survival (HR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.52-2.99, P < .0001), recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.59, 95%CI:1.47-4.56, P = .0010) and metastasis-free survival (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.38-4.59, P = .003). The high expression of MAGE-C gene is closely related to some clinicopathological parameters and poor prognosis of breast cancer, which may be used as a potential biomarker to determine the prognosis of breast cancer.

Risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in the central or lateral cervical region in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Compared with other types of thyroid carcinoma, patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are more likely to develop cervical lymph node metastasis. This study was conducted to clarify the risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis (central lymph node metastasis or lateral cervical lymph node metastasis) in MTC by meta-analysis, and to provide evidence-based basis for the treatment and prognosis of MTC. METHODS: The literatures related to cervical lymph node metastasis in medullary thyroid carcinoma were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI and Wanfang databases, and statistical analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 28 papers were included in this paper, and meta-analysis showed that the occurrence of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in MTC patients was significantly associated with tumor size (OR = 3.07, 95%CI: 2.04-4.63, P < 0.00001), multifocality (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.19-0.44, P < 0.00001), bilaterality (OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.95-7.14, P < 0.0001), capsular invasion (OR = 9.88, 95% CI: 5.93-16.45, P < 0.00001) and extrathyroidal extension (OR = 5.48, 95% CI: 2.61-11.51, P < 0.00001). While the occurrence of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in MTC patients was strongly correlated with gender (OR = 2.97, 95%CI: 2.46-3.58, P < 0.00001), tumor size (OR = 3.88, 95%CI: 1.90-7.92, P = 0.0002 < 0.05), multifocality (OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.35-0.51, P < 0.00001), bilaterality (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.72-4.98, P < 0.0001), capsular invasion (OR = 8.44, 95% CI: 6.11-11.64, P < 0.00001), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 7.04, 95% CI: 5.54-8.94, P < 0.00001), margin of the tumor (OR = 4.47, 95% CI: 2.37-8.44, P < 0.00001), shape of the tumor (OR = 6.81, 95% CI: 3.64-12.73, P < 0.00001), preoperative calcitonin level (SMD = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.98-1.80, P < 0.00001), preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level (SMD = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.74-1.20, P < 0.00001) and CLNM (OR = 19.70, 95% CI: 14.16-27.43, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: Tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, capsular invasion and extrathyroidal extension are the main risk factors for developing CLNM in MTC patients; And risk factors for developing LLNM in MTC patients include: gender, tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, capsular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, margin of the tumor, shape of the tumor, preoperative calcitonin level, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level and central lymph node metastasis. These risk factors can guide the individualized treatment plan and improve the prognosis of MTC patients.

Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors associated with the occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV-PTC) and to establish a nomogram model. METHODS: Clinical data of 199 DSV-PTC patients from SEER database were obtained, and they were randomly divided into training group (n=139) and validation group (n=60). The clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed by logistic regression, including age, marital status, race, gender, tumor size(cm), T stage, M stage, bilaterality, capsular invasion, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and multifocality. The Validation was carried out using C-index, calibration curves, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) in terms of differentiation and calibration of the nomogram model, respectively. RESULTS: Age, tumor size(cm), capsular invasion, and multifocality were independent risk factors for the development of LNM in patients with DSV-PTC (P<0.05). In the training and validation groups, the C-index of internal validation of the nomogram was 0.808 (95%CI: 0.733-0.755) and 0.813 (95% CI: 0.591-0.868), the calibration curves showed that the model was in good agreement, and the decision curve (DCA) indicated that the nomogram model had good clinical utility.  CONCLUSION: Age, tumor size(cm), capsular invasion, and multifocality are independent risk factors for the development of LNM in DSV-PTC. The nomogram model can predict the risk of developing LNM in DSV-PTC patients and provide clinical guidance.

[Identification and expression analysis of apple PDHB-1 gene family].

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta-1 (PDHB-1) is a gene encoding the ß-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which plays an important role in fruit acid accumulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution characteristics of apple PDHB-1 family and its expression in apples with different acid contents. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using databases including NCBI, Pfam and software including ClustalX, MEGA, and TBtools. By combining titratable acid content determination and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the expression of this family genes in the peel and pulp of apple 'Asda' and 'Chengji No.1' with different acid content were obtained, respectively. The family members were mainly located in chloroplast, cytoplasm and mitochondria. α-helix and random coil were the main factors for the formation of secondary structure in this family. Tissue-specific expression profiles showed that the expression of most members were higher in fruit than in other tissues. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression profile of most members was consistent with the profile of titratable acid contents. In the peel, the expression levels of 14 members in 'Asda' apples with high acid content were significantly higher than that in 'Chengji No.1' apples with low acid content, where the expression difference of MdPDHB1-15 was the most significant. In the pulp, the expression levels of 17 members in 'Asda' apples were significantly higher than that in 'Chengji No.1' apples, where MdPDHB1-01 was the most highly expressed. It was predicted that PDHB-1 gene family in apple plays an important role in the regulation of fruit acidity.

The association of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α protein expression with clinicopathological characteristics in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) protein expression with clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through a meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched from the establishment of the database to February 2023. The New castle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Rev Man 5.3 and Stata14.0 were used to conduct a meta-analysis of the included studies. RESULTS: Twenty-eight articles with 2346 samples were included in the Meta-analysis. Compared with normal thyroid tissues, HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins were highly expressed in PTC tumor tissues. High expression of HIF-1α protein was associated with tumor size (odds ratio [OR] = 4.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.88-7.04, P < .00001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 3.78-5.99, P < .00001), TNM stage (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.68-5.03, P < .00001), capsular invasion (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.43-3.71, P = .0006 < .05), and extrathyroidal extension (OR = 10.96, 95% CI: 4.80-25.02, P < .00001). High expression of HIF-2α protein was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.63-6.65, P < .00001), TNM stage (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.36-4.82, P = .004 < .05), and capsular invasion (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.66-8.88, P = .002 < .05). In addition, we concluded for the first time that there was a statistically significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in PTC patients (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.26-4.42, P = .007 < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The high expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins is closely related to some clinicopathological parameters of PTC, and can provide potential biological indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC.